Oncology
Oncology is the medical specialty devoted to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various cancers. The oncologist decides, depending on the diagnosis, which treatment to administer. Some treatment options are chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, or other targeted therapies. The dosage amount, the rate of administration, and the way the oncologist combines them depend on the patient’s condition and pathology. The drugs uses to treat tumours are administered either orally or as injections or intravenous infusions. The latter then require ambulatory care (a few hours) or a hospital stay (two or more days). Chemotherapy is sometimes accompanied with undesirable effects. Research and medical care have focused on their minimization.
Intraoperative Radiotherapy
Radiation therapy is a means of projecting high energy photons that destroy cancer cells. This technique exposes a specific part of the body to radiation, so as to destroy the tumour therein. For this purpose, a linear accelerator is used which produces radiation targeting the tumour during daily sessions lasting only a few minutes. Sophisticated calculation systems very accurately control the emitted radiation. Radiation oncology specialists, in close collaboration with dosimetrists and physicists, develop plans of radiation to be delivered to patients. Each step of the treatment is the subject of rigorous quality control.
The techniques of "imagery on board" (On Board Imaging - OBI; Cone Beam Computerized Tomography - CBCT) allow operators to ensure that radiation is issued very precisely and in a reproducible manner from one session to another. Beyond the application of these external radiation treatments, patients assigned to the Radiation Oncology Department can benefit from access to other forms of radiation, such as Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy (IORT) for early stages of breast cancers and endorectal touch therapy for cancers of the rectum.
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